第十五章

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陈牧：寡人闻，财不足，请敛于民，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为此言谬矣，夫乐者上下同之，故天子与天下，诸侯与境内，自大夫以下，各与其僚，无有独乐。今上乐其乐，下伤其费，是独乐者也，不可。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，Ifthestaterunsoutofmoney，Thenitispossibletoraisetaxesforthepeople，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Idon'tthinkso，Happythingsshouldbesharedtogether，therefore，Theemperorandtheworld，Princesandstates，Ministersandofficials，Thereisnoreasontobehappyalone，Ifyouonlycareaboutyourownhappinessanddonotcareabouttheinterestsofthepeople，Thenyouwillbecomeadictator，Idonotapproveofyoudoingthis。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：始皇帝雄才伟略，横扫六国，混一天下，何以二世而亡？寡人甚惑焉，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，秦得之于法制，失之于仁义。秦之时，灭文学，好武勇，贱仁义之士，贵治狱之吏，正言谓之诽谤，谒过谓之妖言：故盛服先生，不用于世，忠良切言，皆郁于胸，誉谀之声，日满于耳，虚美薰心，实祸蔽塞，始皇在犹可填压四海，一旦亡故，以二世之猥劣，天下非秦所有也。愿大王改前世之失，涤烦文，除民疾，存亡继绝，以应天德，天下幸甚。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教矣。chenmu：QinShiHuangwasaverygreatemperor，Hecalmedthetroubledtimesandstabilizedtheworld，Butbythesecondking，thestateofQinperished，I'mconfusedaboutthis，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，TheQinStatewasabletounifytheworldbecauseoftheruleoflaw，Becauseitdoesnotpromotebenevolenceandmorality，itperishes，DuringtheQinDynasty，theyabandonedConfucianisMinfavorofforce，Theyadvocatestrictlawsgoverningthecountryandlookdownonthebenevolent，Theytreathonestspeechasalie，Therefore，virtuouspeoplearenotappointed，Theworldisfulloflies，nothonestspeech，Peopleareinastateofrepression，Becauseofthis，thecountryisactuallyonthebrinkofdanger，IfQinShiHuangisalive，thenhecanstillsuppresstheworld，Oncehedied，withtheabilityofthesecondemperor，theQinstatewouldinevitablygotoextinction，Ihopeyoutakethisasaguide，Repealdraconianlaws，Savethesufferingofthepeople，Theaimistorespondtotheconcernsofthepeople，Thenitwillbetheluckoftheworld。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：昔曹孟德筑铜雀台于邺城，今北方大定，偃武修文，寡人欲效之，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为不可，古者圣王贵德而务施，缓刑辟而趋民时。今春筑台，是夺民时也。夫德不施则民不归，刑不缓则百姓愁，使不归之民，役愁怨之百姓，而又夺其时，是重竭也。夫牧百姓，养之育之，而重竭之，岂所以定命安存，而称为人君于后世哉？陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：Previously，CaoCaobuiltapalaceinYecheng，Today，thenorthhasbeensettled，Therefore，Iwanttoemulatehim，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Idon'tthinkso，Inthepast，holykingsvaluedvirtueandgavegiftstothepeople，Theypostponethepunishmentandavoiddisturbingtheagriculturalproductionperiod，Ifyoubuildapalacenow，Thenitwilldelayagriculturalproduction，Ifyouareinconsiderateofthepeople，Thenthepeoplewillnotsupportyou，Ifthepenaltyistoosevereandurgent，Thenthepeoplewillresentyou，Ifyoudothis，thenyouwilldestroythefoundationsofthecountry，Treatthepeople，youshouldraisethem，andnotsqueezethem，Ifyoudothis，thenhistorywillnotgiveyouagoodevaluation。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。陈牧：寡人闻豫让古之烈士也，然智氏无道，何以得其死力？寡人甚惑焉，先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，范氏之待豫让，寒而不衣之，饥而不食之，使其与千人共养，以众人畜之也。夫众人畜之者，其亦众人事之。至于智氏则不然，出则乘之以车，入则足之以养，众人广朝，而必加礼之，是以国士畜之。夫国士畜其者，其亦国士事之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，YuRangwasamartyrinancienttimes，Hismasterisstupid，Buthewasloyaltohismaster，Iwasconfusedaboutthat，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Hisoriginalmastertreatedhimverybadly，treatinghimlikeanordinaryperson，Hisoriginalownerdidnotcareabouthiscoldandhunger，Therefore，hehadaweakaffectionforhisformermaster，hewillnothelptheoriginalowner，Hiscurrentownertreatshimwell，Thecurrentownervalueshimandrespectshim，Hismasterregardedhimasanimportanttalent，Therefore，heisloyaltohiscurrentmaster，And，heiswillingtogivehislifeforhismaster。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：今太后晏驾，寡人甚哀之，吾欲行三年之丧，可乎？先生以为如何。萧凡：臣以为，礼当如此，三年之丧，自天子达于庶人，此先王礼经，百世不易者也，前世不学，变古坏礼，绝父子之恩，亏君臣之义；后世不能笃于哀戚之情，而群臣谄谀，莫肯厘正，今大王至孝，以天性矫而行之，复先王之大礼，则天下幸甚。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Now，theEmpressDowagerhaspassedaway，Iamverysaddenedbythis，Iwouldliketoobservefilialpietyformymotherforthreeyears，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Iapproveofyoudoingso，FollowtheritualsleftbytheHolyKing，Accordingtotheetiquette，boththekingandthepeopleshoulddothis，ThisistheritualleftbytheHolyKing，Thepreviouspeopledidnotinheritit，Thatleadstoaweakrelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren，Atthesametime，italsocooledrelationsbetweenkingsandcourtiers，Peopledidnotadheretofilialpiety，Theministersarealsoveryflatteringanddonotcorrectyourmistakes，Today，youareveryfilialtoyourparents，Andyouwanttodoitfromthebottomofyourheart，YoutaketheopportunitytorestoretheHolyKingRites，Thatwouldbetheluckoftheworld。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲慰齐地之心，以倾楚人之望，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，齐之名臣子孙流徙中国者，宜量才叙用，南宫博在齐，尽其心力，其子珅临难死义，其孙翎宜随才署吏，齐将张通父子死于其主。天下之善一也，岂由彼此以为异哉！前子孙没入奴籍者，宜赦为平民，望大王察之。陈牧：先生之言甚善，寡人谨受教。chenmu：IwanttoappeasethepeopleoftheStateofQiInordertoshowthepeopleoftheStateofChu，Sirtaughtmehowtodoit。xiaofan：Ithink，ThefamiliesoffamousministersoftheQistatehavemigratedtoourcountry，Youshouldappointthemaccordingtotheirtalents，WhenNangongBowasintheStateofQi，hewasloyaltohiscountry，Hissonalsodiedfightingforhiscountry，Youshouldawardhisgrandsonaviscountaccordingtomeritocracy，ZhangTongandhissonalsodiedfightingfortheStateofQi，Theydeservepraiseforwhattheyhavedone，Theirfamilieshavebeentakenasslaves，Youshouldpardonthem，Iwantyoutothinkaboutit。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：徐阶失信于寡人，吾欲杀之，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为不可，法者，国家所以布大信于天下也，言者，当时喜怒之所发耳。大王发一朝之忿，而许杀之，非圣主明王所为也，既知不可，而置之以法，此乃忍小忿而存大信也，望大王察之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：XuJiedidnotfulfillherpromisetome，Iwantedtokillhim，Sir,whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Idon'tthinkso，Thelawistheembodimentofthecreditofthestatetotheworld，Wordsaretheexpressionofhumanemotions，Youkillhimbecauseofemotions，ItisnotwhattheHolyKingshoulddo，Sinceyouunderstand,thenyoushouldhandhimovertothejudiciary，Thisistoensurecredit,notemotion，Ihopeyouwillthinkaboutit。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。