第八章

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陈牧：今东宫简陋，寡人欲营之，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，克俭节用，实弘道之源；崇侈恣情，乃败德之本。是以凌云概日，戎人于是致讥；峻宇雕墙，《夏书》以之作诫。昔赵盾匡晋，吕望师周，或劝之以节财，或谏之以厚敛。莫不尽忠以佐国，竭诚以奉君，欲使茂实播于无穷，裨益于国家耳，且今日东宫，唐时营建，睹之者尚讥其侈，见之者犹叹甚华。何容于此中更有修造，财帛日费，土木不停，何益于国？愿大王察之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：Today，thepalacewheretheprincelivesisverysimple，Iwanttoexpandit，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Frugalitypromotesmoraldevelopment，Luxurycorruptsmoralstandards，Therearemanysuchcasesinhistory，ZhaoDunassistedtheJinstate，LüWangassistedtheZhouDynasty，Theyallpersuadedkingstobethriftyratherthanextravagant，Theydidtheirbesttoassistthekingingoverningthecountry，Today，thepalacewheretheprinceliveswasbuiltduringtheTangDynasty，Peopleprivatelytalkaboutitasextravagant，SoItisnotnecessarytoexpandit，Anditisnotbeneficialtothecountryeither，Ihopeyouwillconsiderthiscarefully。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。陈牧：近来大臣上书谏者少，赞誉寡人者多，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，自古有国有家者，咸欲修德政以比隆盛世，至于其治，多不馨香，非无忠臣贤佐也，由主不胜其情，弗能用耳。夫人情惮难而趋易，好同而恶异，与治道相反。《传》曰，‘从善如登，从恶如崩’，言善之难也。人君承奕世之基，据自然之势，操八柄之威，甘易同之欢，无假敢于人，而忠臣挟难进之术，吐逆耳之言，其不合也，不亦宜乎！故明君寤之，求贤如饥渴，受谏而不厌，抑情损欲，以义割恩，则上无偏谬之授，下无希冀之望矣。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Recently，therehavebeenfewerpeoplemakingsuggestions，Andtheystartedpraisingme，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Ancientkingswantedtogoverntheircountrieswell，Andtobefamousallovertheworld，However，theresultswerenotideal，Therearealotoftalentandloyalistsintheircountry，But，thekingdidnotadopttheiropinions，Peopletendtodotheeasythingsratherthanthehardones，Sotheyusuallygoagainstestablishedstatepolicy，Learningwellishard，butlearningbadlyiseasy，Thekingisnobleandmajestic，Therefore，itwasdifficultforhimtoacceptthesuggestionsmadebytheministers，However，theHolyKinglearnedhislesson，Hehopedsomeonecouldgivehimadvice，Andheaccepteditverysincerely，Atthesametime，hewasabletorestrainhisemotions，inordertoensurefairnessandjustice。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人读晋史，见何曾讥武帝偷惰，知天下将乱，何其明也！先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，何曾讥武帝偷惰，取过目前，不为远虑，知天下将乱，子孙必与其忧，何其明也！然身为宰相，知其君之过，不以告而私语于家，非社稷之臣也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：IhavereadthehistoryoftheJinDynasty，HeZenglaughedatEmperorWuforbeinglazy，Andhepredictedthattheworldwouldfallintochaos，Hewasreallytoowise，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithinkhedoesseemwise，Becausehispredictionswereaccurate，However，heistheprimeministerofthecountry，Hesawthatthekinghadmademistakes，And，hedidnothelpthekingcorrectit，Hejusttoldhisfamily，Onthisbasis，heisnotaqualifiedprimeminister。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：今天下尚浮华，寡人甚忧之，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，凡有天下者，莫不贵尚敦朴忠信之士，深疾虚伪不真之人者，以其毁教乱治，败俗伤化也，魏晋是也，先帝深疾浮伪，欲以破散邪党，常用切齿；而执法之吏，皆畏其权势，莫能纠擿，毁坏风俗，侵欲滋甚。窃见当今年少不复以学问为本，专更以交游为业；国士不以孝悌清修为首，乃以趋势游利为先，世之质文，随教而变。兵乱以来，经学废绝，后生讲趣，不由典谟。岂训导未洽，将进用者不以德显乎！其郎吏学通一经，才任牧民，博士课试，擢其高第者，亟用；其浮华不务道本者，请罢退之！愿大王察之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Hypocrisyisnowasocialnorm，Iamveryworriedaboutthis，Sirtaughtmewhattodo？xiaofan：Ithink，Kingsthroughouttheagesvaluedpeopleofintegrityandloyalty，Andtheyhatehypocriticalpeople，Becausethesepeoplemakesocialmoresworse，TheWeiStateandtheJinKingdomaresuchcases，Yourfatheralsohateshypocriticalpeople，Butofficialsareafraidofthepowerful，So，theyarepowerlesstochangethestatusquo，Today，studentsarenolongerfocusedontheirstudiesbutonmakingfriends，Moreover，talentnolongermakescharacterapriority，butpersonalgain，So，socialcustomsaregettingworseandworse，Inaddition，thecountrywentthroughwar，Manyclassicswereburned，Laterpeopledidnotunderstandevenmore，Andtherearealsoproblemswithourpolicyorientation，Ihopeyoucanchangethat，Youhavetopromotetalentedpeoplewhounderstandtheclassics，Andyouwanttoremovehypocriticalandincompetentofficials，Ihopeyouwillthinkaboutthis。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：蜀王数从汉中入寇，寡人欲由斜谷伐之，诸将数道并进，期以大克，先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，昔魏武帝曹操，至阳平攻张鲁，多收豆麦以益军粮，鲁未下而食犹乏。今既无所因，且斜谷阻险，难以进退，转运必见钞截，多留兵守要，则损战士，不可不熟虑也，愿大王屯田关西，疲敌于汉中，我无粮草之忧，敌须千里馈粮，虽诸葛复生，无能为也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：ThekingofShuoftensetoutfromHanzhongtoinvadetheborder，IwanttoattackhimthroughtheSlopeValley，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，EmperorWeioncereachedPingyangtoattackZhangLu，However，thetransportationofgrainisinconvenient，Italmostfailed，Now，wearenotinthatsituation，Theslopingvalleyissteepandthereforeinaccessible，Theywilldefinitelyattackourgrainandgrass，Inaddition，itcausesunnecessarycasualties，Youhavetothinkaboutitcarefully，IwantyoutoletthearmyplowinKansai，AndyousendtroopstoconstantlyharassHanzhong，Onlythenwillwenotworryaboutfood，However，theirtransportlineswillbelengthened，EvenifZhugeLiangisresurrected，theywillnotbeabletochangethestatusquo。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人愿闻，君子何以自进？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，见善，必以自存也，见不善，必以自省也，故非我而当者，吾师也，是我而当者，吾友也，谄谀我者，吾贼也，故君子隆师，而亲友，以致恶其贼，虽欲无进，得乎哉？陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iwanttoknow，Howagentlemanimproveshimself？Sirtaughtme。xiaofan：Ithink，Seeinggoodthings，theywilllearnfromthem，Seeingbadthings，theyreflectonthemselves，Ifsomeonepointsoutmymistake，thenheismyteacher，Ifanyonesupportsmyreasonablebehavior，thenheismyfriend，Ifanyoneflattersme，thenheismyenemy，Gentlemenrespectteachersandareclosetofriends，Atthesametime，theystayawayfromvillains，Throughthis，theyimprovethemselves。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。

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