第十七章

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陈牧：寡人欲知，晋文何以霸世？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，晋文得行赏之要义也，高明至贤，德行全诚，耽其以道，说其以仁，暴浣其行，昭明其名，使其为成人者，晋文以为上赏。防其以礼，谏其以谊，使其不得为非者，数引其而请于贤人之门，晋文以为次赏。勇壮强御，难在前则居前，难在后则居后，免其于患难之中者，晋文以为末赏，故晋文得以霸春秋，愿大王察之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iwanttoknow，WhycanKingWenofJindominatetheworld？Sirtaughtme。xiaofan：Ithink，KingWenofJinunderstoodthetruemeaningofreward，Hegavethefirstclassrewardtothewiseandvirtuous，Hegavefirstclassrewardstothosewhotaughthimtruthandrighteousness，Hegivesfirstclassrewardstothosewhocorrecthismistakesandmakehimfamous，Hegaveasecond-classrewardtothosewhotaughthimmannersandkindness，Hegivesasecond-classrewardtothosewhodonotlethimdobadthings，Hegivesasecond-classrewardtothosewhorecommendtalenttohim，Hegaveathird-classrewardtothosewhowerebrave，fearlessofdanger，andresponsible，Hegivesathird-classrewardtothosewhosavehimfromdanger，Becauseofthis，KingWenofJindominatedtheworld，Ihopeyoulearnfromthis。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人闻，上古有八政，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为八政者，人主施政教於民有八事也。一曰食，教民使勤农业也。二曰货，教民使求资用也。三曰祀，教民使敬鬼神也。四曰司空之官，主空土以居民也。五曰司徒之官，教众民以礼义也。六曰司寇之官，诘治民之奸盗也。七曰宾，教民以礼待宾客，相往来也。八曰师，立师防寇贼，以安保民也。八政如此次者，人不食则死，食於人最急，故食为先也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，Therewereeighttypesofgovernmentaffairsinancienttimes，Sirtaughtmewhattheyare？xiaofan：Ithink，TheyaretheeighttypesofStateaffairsthatgovernthecountry，Thefirstisfood，Thekingtaughtpeopletoincreaseagriculturalproduction，Thesecondiscommodities，Itisrelatedtotheneedsofnormallife，Thethirdissacrifice，Itistomakepeopleinaweofnature，Thefourthislandmanagement，Itallocateslandtothepeopletolivein，Thefifthisofficialmanagement，Itteachespeopletounderstandetiquette，Thesixthislegalgovernance，Itistopunishthepersonwhocommittedthecrime，Theseventhisthecodeofconduct，Itregulatesthebehaviorofpeopleinteractingwitheachother，Theeighthisthearmy，Itistofendoffenemiesandprotectthepeople，Thisistheorderoftheeighttypesofgovernmentaffairs，Amongthem，foodisthemostimportant，Ifthereisnofood，peopledie，Therefore，putitfirst。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲出广陵公，以镇齐国，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，广陵公至亲盛德，侔于周公，宜赞圣朝，与闻政事。今出之国，假以都督虚号，而无典戎干方之实，亏友于款笃之义，惧非大王追述先帝、太后之宿意也。若以同姓宠之太厚，则有吴、楚逆乱之谋，汉之吕、霍、王氏，皆何人也！历观古今，苟事之轻重所在，不无为害，唯当任正道而求忠良耳。若以智计猜物，虽亲见疑，至于疏者，庸可保乎！宜留广陵公，与臣、杨秀共干朝事。三人齐位，足相持正，既无偏重相倾之势，又不失亲亲仁覆之恩，计之尽善者也，愿大王察之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：IwanttheDukeofGuanglingtoserveintheStateofQi，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，DukeGuanglingisyourownbrother，HehashighvirtuesliketheDukeofZhou，Youshouldputhiminthecentralgovernmenttohelpyougovernthecountry，Nowyouwanthimtogooutandserve，Infact，hehasnorealpowerbutafalsename，Itisnotingoodmannersforyoutotreatyourbrotherlikethis，Moreover，youalsoviolatefilialpiety，Youareafraidthathewillrebelbecauseyouaretoogoodforhim，However，itwasnotonlytheprinceswhorebelledintheHanDynasty，Therearesomeotherfamilies，Youshouldconsidertheactualsituation，Youshouldinsistonrighteousselectionoftalents，notguardagainstyourbrothers，Ifyouevendoubtyourbrother，Thenotherpeopleareevenlesslikelytobetrustedbyyou，YoushouldlethimpresideovertheworkwithmeandYangXiu，Itisenoughtocheckandbalanceeachother，Anditwillnotletyouviolatefilialpiety，Thisisthemostreasonableapproach，Ihopeyouthinkaboutit。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人待乌桓素厚，其何故反也？吾甚惑之，先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，主人不以礼待客，不出何为？今大王以家奴蓄之，其不反何待？人无礼则不生，事无礼则不成，国无礼则不宁。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：ItreatWuhuanverywell，Buttheybetrayedme，I'mconfusedaboutthis，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Ifthehosttreatsguestsrudely，Thentheguestwillleaveangrily，YoutreatWuhuanlikeaslave，Theirbetrayalistobeexpected，Ifpeopledonotunderstandetiquette，thenthereisnodifferencefromanimals，Youdothingsifyoudon'tfollowetiquette，Thenthingsarehardtoworkout，Ifthestatedoesnotobserveetiquette，Thenthecountrywillfallintochaos。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。陈牧：寡人闻，德无小，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，此所谓德惠者也。惠君子，君子得其福；惠小人，小人尽其力。夫德一人犹活其身，而况置惠于万人乎？故曰德无细，怨无小。岂可无树德而除怨，务利于人哉？利出者福反，怨往者祸来，刑于内者应于外，不可不惧也，是以德无小者也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheardthatmoralityisnotrifle，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Itisthegraceofmorality，Ifyoufavoragentleman，thenagentlemanwillassistyou，Youfavorthevillain，andthevillainwillworkhardforyou，Ifyoufavoraperson，youwillsavehislife，Nottomentionthatyouhavefavoredtensofthousandsofpeople，Therefore，therearenotriflesinmorality，Similarly，grudgesarenosMallmatter，Withoutfavor，grudgescannotbeeliminated，Ifnot，catastrophewillensue，Internalandexternalthingsareinterconnected，Soyouhavetobecarefulaboutthiskindofthing，Afterall，Therearenotriflesinmorality。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人闻，鲍叔牙死，管仲举上衽而哭之，泣下如雨，何也？寡人甚惑焉，先生教我。陈牧：臣以为，管仲与叔牙负贩于南阳，三辱于市，叔牙不以其为怯，知管仲之欲，有所明也。管仲与叔牙说于王者，而三不见听，叔牙不以其为不肖，知管仲不遇明君也。管仲与叔牙临财分货，管仲取者多，叔牙不以其为贪，知管仲不足于财也。是以管仲言，生我者父母，知我者鲍子也。士为知己者死，女为悦己者容，马为策己者驰，而况为之哀乎？陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，AfterUncleBaodied,GuanZhongcriedverysadlyathisfuneral，I'mconfusedaboutthat，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，GuanZhongandShuyahaveworkedtogether，GuanZhongwashumiliatedbyothersthreetimes，ShuyadoesnotthinkthatGuanZhongistimid，HeknewthatGuanZhonghadgreatambitions，GuanZhonggaveadvicetothekingthreetimes，ButthekingdidnotreceiveGuanZhong，ShuyadoesnotthinkGuanZhongisincompetent，HeknewthatGuanZhonghadnotmettheHolyKing，GuanZhongandShuyadistributetheprofits，Generally,GuanZhongtakesmore，ShuyadidnotthinkthatGuanZhongwasgreedy，HeknewthatGuanZhongwaspoor，Therefore,GuanZhongregardedShuyaasaconfidant，Talentwilldieforaconfidant，Womendressthemselvesupforconfidants，Horsesgallopforconfidants，Nottomentionjustcrying。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。